tenses

nama  : ardi eksanusi
NIM  : A320110053

A.      Present ProgressiveTense

to express something that is happening. Usually the Signal Words are at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!, now, right now.

Formula :

(+):

subject + to be (am, is, are) + Verb – ing + object

(-) :

subject + to be + not + verb – ing + object

(?) :

to be + subject + verb – ing + object

Example :

a.       A: He is speaking.

N: He is not speaking.

Q: Is he speaking?

b.      A: He is writing some texts.

N: He is not writing some texts.

Q: Is he writing some texts?

c.       A: He is cooking fried rice.

N: He is not cooking fried rice.

Q: Is he cooking fried rice?

d.      A: He is singing in his bed.

N: He is not singing in his bed.

Q: Is he singing in his bed?

B.      Past Progressive Tense

To action going on at a certain time in the past, actions taking place at the same time, and action in the past that is interrupted by another action. Usually usewhen, while, as long as.

Formula :

Positif (+)

Subject + to be (was/were) + verb-ing + object

Negatif (-)

Subject + was/were + not + verb-ing + object

Tanya (?)

- was/were + subject + verb-ing + object ?

Example :

a.       A: He was speaking.

N: He was not speaking.

Q: Was he speaking?

b.      When I was cleaning my bed my mother was cooking in the kitchen.

c.       When I was watching TV my father called me.

d.      A: He was writing.

N: He was not writing.

Q: Was he writing?

e.      When I was reading a book my mother was watering flowers at the garden.

f.        When I was watching TV my father came.

C.      Present Perfect Progressive

To putting emphasis on the course or duration (not the result), action that recently stopped or is still going on, and finished action that influenced the present. Usually use all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week.

Formula :

(+)

Subject + has / have + been + verb-ing

(-)

Subject + has / have + not + been + verb-ing

(?)

Has/have + subject + been + verb-ing ?

Example :

a.       A: He has been speaking.

N: He has not been speaking.

Q: Has he been speaking?

b.      A: He has been reading magazine.

N: He has not been reading magazine.

Q: Has he been reading magazine?

c.       A: He has been listening to musics.

N: He has not listening to musics.

Q: Has he been listening to musics?

d.      A: He has been sleeping.

N: He has not been sleeping.

Q: Has he been sleeping?

e.      I have been watching TV for two hours (+)

f.        He has been playing football since elementary school (+)

g.       Marina has not been learning english for two years (-)

h.      Have you been reading a book for an hour ? (?)

D.      Past Perfect Progressive

action taking place before a certain time in the past, sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple, putting emphasis on the duration or course of an action. Usually use for, since, the whole day, all day.

Formula
(+)
Subject + had + been + verb-ing + object
(-)
Subject + had + not + been + verb-ing + object
(?)
Had + subject + been + object ?

Example :

a.       A: He had been speaking.
N: He had not been speaking.
Q: Had he been speaking?

b.      He had been living in Jakarta about ten years (+)

He had not been living in Jakarta about ten years (-)

Had He been living in Jakarta about ten years ? (?)

c.       He had been staying in Banyumas about ten years (+)

He had not been staying in Banyumas about ten years (-)

Had He been staying in Banyumas about ten years ? (?)

d.      A: He had been reading.
N: He had not been reading.
Q: Had he been reading?

E.       Future Progressive Tense

To express action that is going on at a certain time in the future, action that is sure to happen in the near future. Usually use in one year, next week, tonight, tomorrow.

Formula :

(+)
Subject + will/shall + be + verb-ing + object
(-)
Subject + will/shall + not + verb-ing + object
(?)
Will/shall + subject + be + verb-ing + object

Example :

a.       I will be watching a movie tonight (+).

I will not be watching a movie tonight (-).

Will you be watching a movie tonight ? (?).

b.      I will be reading a book tonight (+).

I will not be reading a book tonight (-).

Will you be reading a book tonight ? (?).

c.       I will be writing a letter tonight (+).

I will not be writing a letter tonight (-).

Will you be writing a letter tonight ? (?).

d.      I will be playing table tennis tonight (+).

I will not be playing table tennis tonight (-).

Will you be playing table tennis tonight ? (?).

MODALS

Name: Ardi Eksanusi
NIM: A320110053

A. CAN

“Can” can be used to :

1. to expresses ability (in a sense able to do something or know how to do something)

Example :

1. She can speak English but he can’t write it very well.
2. He can climb this tree quickly.
3. He can do it.
4. I can hear him.
5. I can speak in Deutch.
6. He can play football.
7. She can tell this story.
8. She can play Badminton.
9. I can feel it.
10. I can see this.

2. to reveal the theoretical possibility

Example :

1.  American automobile makers can make better cars if they think there’s a     profit in it.
2. You can get better value if you study hard.
3. You can feel good if you join with me to the beach.
4. This company can better if accept my proposal.
5. You can happy if you follow me.
6. You can get the best car if you go to my car shop.
7. You can get the best shoes if you buy in my shop.
8. You can sleep if you turn off the lamp.
9. You can cry if you hear my story.
10. we can win if I can play.

B. MAY

     Auxiliary verb which means "may / might" are used to express:

1. Permit application.

Example :

1. May I borrow your motorcycle?
2. May I borrow your book?
3. May I go to library?
4. May I eat now?
5. May I borrow your car?
6. May I know your problem?
7. May I go to outside?
8. May I drink your tea?
9. May I bring your shoes?
10. May I know your name?
1. Request or expectation.

Example :

1. May you both the happy.
2. May God bless you.
3. May you happy.
4. May our team winner.
5. May God bless them.
6. May the teacher safe.
7. May god bless him
8. May you win.
9. May you safe.
10. May we happy.

C. MUST

     Auxiliary verb which means it must or must, be used to declare:

1.      The requirement / must.

Example :

1.      You must go now.

2.      I must do my homework soon.

3.      She must study hard.

4.      She must go to the hospital.

5.      he must eat now.

6.      he must go to school.

7.      He must take a rest.

8.      He must drink this coffe.

9.      She must sleep now.

10.  He must go to campus now.

2.      To ask Something

1.      Must I go now?

2.      Must she pay it?

3.      Must I see it?

4.      Must I put it?

5.      Must I bring it?

6.      Must we join with you?

7.      Must I pay it?

8.      Must I read it?

9.      Must I write it?

10.  Must I play with you?

3.      Must not (musn't) shows the (mean) a ban or not.

1.   You must not smoke in the class.

2.      Susan mustn't go there alone.

3.      You must not drink in the class.

4.      She must not sleep now.

5.      He must not take a rest on the garden.

6.      You must not eat in the class.

7.      You must not sleep in the class.

8.      You must not rowdy in the class.

9.      You must not get out from the class.

10.  You must not play cards in the class.